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VX: One of the Most Toxic Nerve Agents
VX chemical molecule VX (C11H26NO2PS), a chemical nerve agent, paralyzes the nervous system. It is more toxic and longer-lived than related nerve agents Tabun and Sarin, which dissipate quickly and have only short-term effects. VX binds to an enzyme that transmits signals to the nerves and inhibits them. As a result, the nerves become isolated and uncontrollable.
The antidote, atropine, is a toxin itself but counteracts VX by removing it from the enzyme. Atropine is normally injected into the arm or thigh; in the case of gas attacks, however, atropine must be injected directly into the heart. Full body protection and gas masks are essential to avoid exposure in a VX attack. Gas mask
 
Medical Symptoms of Exposure to Nerve Agents
Method Onset Symptoms
Dermal exposure to liquid Minutes to hours Mild Exposure: Increased sweating at the site of exposure; muscular twitching at site

Moderate Exposure: Same as above plus nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, generalized weakness

Severe Exposure: Same as above plus loss of consciousness, convulsions, generalized twitching, flaccid paralysis, lapses in breathing, generalized secretions, involuntary defecation
Exposure to vapor Seconds Mild Exposure: Small pupils, runny nose, breathing constriction, secretions, slight lapses in breathing

Moderate Exposure: Small pupils, runny nose, breathing constriction, secretions, marked lapses in breathing

Severe Exposure: Same as above plus loss of consciousness, convulsions, generalized twitching, flaccid paralysis, lapses in breathing, generalized secretions, involuntary defecation
 
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